ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of buckwheat-oat-pea (BOP) composite flour [buckwheat ∶ oats ∶ peas=6 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 (quality ratio)] on blood glucose in diabetic rats.@*METHODS@#In this study, 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups by fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight: normal control group, model control group, metformin group, buckwheat group, oats group, BOP low-dose group (BOP-L), medium-dose group (BOP-M), and high-dose group (BOP-H). The rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet, the rats in the model control group and metformin group were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the rats in the buckwheat group, oats group, and BOP-L, BOP-M, BOP-H groups were fed with HFD containing 10% buckwheat flour, 10% oat flour, 3.3% BOP, 10% BOP, 30% BOP, respectively. The HFD in all the groups had the same percentage of energy from fat (45%). After 30 days, the rats fed with HFD received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks) to establish diabetes mellitus. After the model was successful established, the rats were fed for another 28 days. During the study, the body weight, food intake/body weight (FI/BW) and water intake/body weight (WI/BW), food utilization rate, 24 h urine volume, FBG, glucose area under curve (GAUC) of oral glucose tolerance test were measured regularly. At the end of the study, the fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.@*RESULTS@#With the inducing of HFD and streptozotocin, compared with the normal control group, the rats in the model control group had higher FI/BW, WI/BW, 24 h urine volume, FBG, GAUC, HOMA-IR (P < 0.05), and lower body weight, food utilization rate (P < 0.05). Compared with the model control group, the rats in the three BOP groups all had higher body weight, food utilization rate (P < 0.05), and lower WI/BW, HOMA-IR (P < 0.05); the rats in the BOP-L and BOP-M groups had lower FI/BW, 24 h urine volume, FBG (P < 0.05), and the rats in the BOP-M group also had lower GAUC (P < 0.05). After the establishment of diabetes, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and the other indicators between the rats in the three BOP groups and the buckwheat group or the oats group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The BOP had the effects of reducing blood glucose, insulin resistance and diabetic symptoms on diabetic rats, and had the value for further development and utilization.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Avena , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Fagopyrum , Insulin , Insulin Resistance , Peas , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la ingesta promedio de macronutrientes y su adecuación con las recomendaciones en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 131 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La estimación de la ingesta de macronutrientes se realizó a través de un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. La adecuación se efectuó de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la para población mexicana. Se realizó comparación de diferencias significativas para medias y medianas para dos y más de dos muestras independientes. Resultados: 70.2 y 29.8 % fueron mujeres y hombres, respectivamente. El 87 % de los sujetos presentaron exceso de peso. El aporte calórico de cada nutriente fue: HC (58 %), proteína (14.8 %) y lípidos (29 %); únicamente se encontró consumo adecuado por parte de los participantes de HC en el 49.6 %, AGS 35.9 % y fibra 23.8 %. Además los hombres consumen mayor cantidad de colesterol que las mujeres (p = 0.003); las mujeres se adecuaron más a las recomendaciones en comparación para el consumo de este nutriente (p = 0.010). Conclusiones: Debido a la baja proporción de sujetos que presentaron adecuada ingesta de fibra, y tomando en cuenta que el consumo de esta mejora el control metabólico, es necesario mejorar el seguimiento de la terapia nutricional, ya que de esta depende en gran medida el control glucémico, y con esto evitar o retrasar la aparición de complicaciones en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Abstract Objective: To determine the average daily intake of macronutrients and their adequacy with recommendations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 131 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To determine the macronutrient intake was performed through a semiquantitative questionnaire offrequency of food consumption. The adjustment was made according to the recommendations of the mexican population. A comparison of means, medians, for two and for more than two independent samples was made. Results: 70.2 % and 29.8 % were women and men respectively. 87 % of the subjects were overweight. The energy intake of each nutrient was HC (58 %), protein (14.8 %) and lipids (29 %), there was only adequate consumption by the participants of: HC in 49.6 %, AGS 35.9 %, and fiber 23.8 %. In addition, men consume more cholesterol than women (p = 0.003), as well as women were more compliant with recommendations than men for consumption of this nutrient (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Due to the low proportion of subjects who presented adequate fiber intake, and taking into account that the consumption of this improved metabolic control, it is necessary to improve the follow-up of nutritional therapy, since this depends largely on glycemic control, and with this to prevent or delay the appearance of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze type II diabetes mortality rates geographic distribution and evolution in time across both Mexican border regions during the period 1998-2013.Methods: The work is based on exploratory and inferential data analysis conducted using death reports from the national health information system. The analysis considers social determinants of health as a theoretical paradigm and includes microdata on consumption patterns at household level for the US-Mexico and Mexico- Guatemala border states.Results: A convergence path for type II diabetes mortality rates is found during the last 15 years between the studied border regions.Conclusions: The evidence presented indicates that the southern border states had been experiencing an epidemiologic transition towards mortality causes such as type II diabetes in the last decade. A trajectory that reflects a convergence pattern towards mortality rates found in the northern border states.
Objetivo: Analizar la distribución geográfica y evolución temporal de las tasas de mortalidad por diabetes tipo II en el periodo 1998-2013 para las regiones frontera sur y norte de México.Métodos: el trabajo se basa en el análisis exploratorio e inferencial de datos a partir de los registros de mortalidad reportados por el sistema nacional de información en salud SINAIS. El análisis retoma el paradigma teórico sobre determinantes sociales de salud por lo que se consideran microdatos sobre los patrones de consumo a nivel hogar en el contexto de la frontera México-Estados Unidos y México-Guatemala.Resultados: Se encuentra una trayectoria de convergencia durante los últimos 15 años en las tasas de mortalidad por diabetes tipo II entre las dos regiones fronterizas estudiadas.Conclusiones: La evidencia presentada indica que los estados de la frontera sur han experimentado en la última década una transición epidemiológica hacia causas de mortalidad como la diabetes tipo II, una trayectoria que muestra un patrón de convergencia con la población en la frontera norte.